Morrison Foerster’s Class Dismissed blog provides insights, recommendations, and timely reports on the latest defense news, developments, and trends in the most current class actions lawsuits and product liability issues that affect consumer-facing companies. Through Class Dismissed, attorneys from our nationally recognized Consumer Class Action and Products Liability practices offer a real-time assessment of the developments in matters that are shaping the industry. This blog examines the full spectrum of consumer-related class action and product liability lawsuits ranging from false advertising, privacy, consumer product safety, ADA, food misbranding, TCPA, environment, retail, and government actions as well as nationwide and multidistrict litigation class actions.<h2>ABOUT MORRISON FOERSTER</h2>Morrison Foerster is a leading global law firm that transforms complexity into advantage for its clients. Our clients include some of the largest financial institutions, banks, consulting and accounting firms, and Fortune 100, technology, and life sciences companies. Highlighting the firm’s commitment to client service, leadership in market-changing deals and impact litigation, and values-based culture, Morrison Foerster has been repeatedly recognized as one of the top 10 firms on The American Lawyer’s A-List. Year after year, the firm receives significant recognition from Chambers and The Legal 500 across their various guides, including Global, USA, Asia‑Pacific, Europe, UK, Latin America, and FinTech Legal. Our lawyers passionately care about delivering legal excellence while living our values. Morrison Foerster has a long-standing commitment to creating a culture that respects and celebrates differences, while providing an inclusive environment. The firm has achieved Mansfield Certification Plus since 2018 as a result of successfully reaching at least 30 percent women, communities of color, and LGBTQ+ lawyer representation in a notable number of current leadership roles and committees. The firm also has a long history of commitment to the community and society through providing pro bono legal services, including litigating for civil rights and civil liberties, improving public education and fostering the wellbeing of children, advocating for veterans, promoting international human rights, enforcing the right to asylum, and safeguarding the environment.

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Julie Park protects her clients’ products no matter what kind of product issue they face—whether it is planning for new product development, recalling an existing product, or defending clients against product liability or consumer class actions. Drawing on her deep technical and legal expertise, Julie counsels clients on consumer product safety regulation and pharmaceutical and medical device preemption while also managing complex and multijurisdictional litigation both in state and federal court.

Julie Y. Park

<div class="videoWrapper"><iframe frameborder="0" class="sticky-video" allowfullscreen="1" title="Meet Penny Preovolos, Litigation Partner" src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/hv7hYn-Bl7c?rel=0&showinfo=0;vq=hd1080" title="iframe"></iframe></div>Penelope has served as lead counsel in major consumer class actions and antitrust cases for more than 35 years, successfully representing high-profile defendants in antitrust, consumer fraud, and product defect matters. Her clients span a range of industries, including consumer electronics, technology, retail, publishing, food and beverage, cosmetics, and household products. According to Chambers USA, Penelope has a “great reputation for antitrust and product liability work” and is a “superb all-around antitrust lawyer.”Penelope was named the 2019 Antitrust Lawyer of the Year by the Antitrust, UCL, and Privacy Section of the California Lawyers Association. She was co-chair of MoFo’s antitrust practice for 14 years. She has served as chair of the Antitrust and Trade Regulation Section of the State Bar of California and as a member of the Ninth Circuit Advisory Committee on Local Rules and Operations. She is an editor of and frequent contributor to Morrison & Foerster’s <a href="https://classdismissed.mofo.com/">Class Dismissed blog</a>, as well as a frequent speaker about class action and antitrust issues.More About PenelopePenelope clerked for the Honorable Charles M. Merrill, United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. She graduated cum laude from Harvard Law School, where she was executive editor of the Harvard Civil Rights – Civil Liberties Law Review. Penelope was a member of Phi Beta Kappa at the University of California, Berkeley. She was awarded the University Medal, the highest undergraduate honor at the university, as well as the English Departmental Citation (awarded to the outstanding graduate in that department).

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Senior Counsel

Penelope has served as lead counsel in major consumer class actions and antitrust cases for more than 35 years, successfully representing high-profile defendants in antitrust, consumer fraud, and product defect matters. Her clients span a range of industries, including consumer electronics, technology, retail, publishing, food and beverage, cosmetics, and household products.

Penelope A. Preovolos

Claudia focuses her practice on the defense of consumer class actions and on complex commercial litigation, including unfair business competition, false advertising, product liability, and privacy matters. She is currently representing numerous consumer goods manufacturers and retailers in false advertising and mislabeling class action lawsuits. Claudia also regularly counsels clients in the food, cosmetics, retail, and technology industries. She represents companies in false advertising disputes before the National Advertising Division (NAD) of the Council of Better Business Bureaus, Inc.<h5>More about Claudia</h5>Claudia is active in MoFo’s pro bono efforts, and recently traveled to El Paso, Texas, to work with families separated and detained at the border. She is also supervising a pro bono collaboration with Equal Rights Advocates, a nonprofit fighting for gender justice in work places and schools across the country. The initiative will help students who have been victims of sexual assault, attempted assault, or harassment find support and seek justice. Claudia is also a board member of Bay Area Legal Aid and a former board member of Equal Rights Advocates. Claudia is an editor and frequent contributor to MoFo’s <a href="https://classdismissed.mofo.com/">Class Dismissed</a> blog, which provides reports about the latest defense news, developments, and trends in class action lawsuits and product liability issues that affect consumer-facing companies. Her perspectives are also respected in the larger legal community: Claudia has published articles about class action and false advertising issues, and is a co-author of Chapter 7 — “Unfair Competition in California Business Litigation 2016” — of The Recorder. She also regularly speaks at conferences on class action and advertising trends. Claudia is currently serving as a Lawyer Representative for the Northern District of California. She received her J.D. degree in 2004 from Berkeley Law (Boalt Hall School of Law), where she was an associate editor of the Berkeley Technology Law Journal.

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Claudia focuses her practice on the defense of consumer class actions and on complex commercial litigation, including unfair business competition, false advertising, product liability, and privacy matters. She is currently representing numerous consumer goods manufacturers and retailers in false advertising and mislabeling class actions.

Claudia M. Vetesi

Alexandra Barlow is a partner in the Litigation Department of Morrison Foerster’s San Diego office.Alexandra litigates product liability matters involving medical devices, pharmaceuticals, consumer products, automobiles, and AI. Alexandra's litigation expertise spans the entire case life cycle in both state and federal courts. She handles all phases of discovery, including fact investigation and expert discovery. Alexandra has taken over twenty-five depositions, including experts, plaintiffs, treating physicians, and third-party witnesses. She drafts and argues motions of all types, including motions for summary judgment, motions to quash, and motions for preliminary injunction.Alexandra has significant trial experience. She has first-chaired a one-week jury trial and second-chaired a five‑week jury trial, both involving multiple claims and witnesses. She also has extensive experience in alternative dispute resolution, representing clients at mediations, mandatory settlement conferences, and early neutral evaluations.Alexandra enjoys tracking developments and keeping her clients updated on product liability and personal injury claims, frequently writing or presenting on emerging areas such as autonomous vehicles and smart devices. Alexandra’s experience also extends to professional liability, warranty claims, eminent domain, and construction law.Alexandra earned her J.D. from the University of San Diego School of Law. While in law school, the San Diego Law Review published her comment on the recovery of damages by plaintiffs in a persistent vegetative state, and she also served as a comment editor. She received her B.A. from the University of California, Los Angeles, where she majored in Political Science and minored in Spanish. A San Diego native, she attended a Spanish immersion school through the eighth grade. Alexandra is active in the San Diego community, advising students at a local college. She is also a member of several legal organizations in San Diego, including Lawyer’s Club, the Association of Business Trial Lawyers, and Wallace Inn of Court.

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Alexandra Barlow is a partner in the Litigation Department of Morrison Foerster’s San Diego office. Alexandra litigates product liability matters involving medical devices, pharmaceuticals, consumer products, automobiles, and AI. Alexandra’s litigation expertise spans the entire case life cycle in both state and federal courts. She handles all phases of discovery, including fact investigation and expert discovery. Alexandra has taken over twenty-five depositions, including experts, plaintiffs, treating physicians, and third-party witnesses. She drafts and argues motions of all types, including motions for summary judgment, motions to quash, and motions for preliminary injunction.

Alexandra Barlow is a partner in the Litigation Department of Morrison Foerster’s San Diego office. Alexandra litigates product liability matters involving medical devices, pharmaceuticals, automobiles, AI, and robotics. Alexandra's litigation expertise spans the entire case life cycle in both state and federal courts. She handles all phases of discovery, including fact investigation and expert discovery. Alexandra has taken over twenty-five depositions, including experts, plaintiffs, treating physicians, and third-party witnesses. She drafts and argues motions of all types, including motions for summary judgment, motions to quash, and motions for preliminary injunction.

Alexandra Barlow

Adam J. Hunt is a partner in the Litigation Department of Morrison Foerster’s New York office. His practice focuses on complex litigation, with an emphasis on class action and commercial litigation.Mr. Hunt has extensive experience representing consumer products companies, financial institutions, and technology firms in class action cases and complex commercial disputes before state and federal trial courts, as well as in arbitrations. Clients seek Mr. Hunt’s counsel for his creative, strategic thinking in high-stakes, high-profile matters. He has represented clients facing claims under false advertising, antitrust, and privacy laws throughout the country, securing wins at the pleading stage, summary judgment, and trial, in addition to negotiating favorable settlements, often early in the case. Representative experience includes successfully securing rulings dismissing two putative false advertising class action cases against one of the best-known consumer electronics companies in the world; obtaining a complete win on summary judgment for a major shipping and logistics company in a multimillion-dollar commercial dispute; appearing as counsel at trial for a leading financial institution in a $100 million commercial dispute, winning a bench trial verdict; and prevailing on motions to dismiss false advertising class actions against a leading Greek yogurt company.Mr. Hunt is also an editor of the firm’s <a href="https://classdismissed.mofo.com/" target="_self">Class Dismissed blog</a>, which provides insights, recommendations, and timely reports on the latest defense news, developments, and trends in the most current class action lawsuits that affect consumer-facing companies.Mr. Hunt maintains an active pro bono practice and is the recipient of the New York State Bar Association’s 2017 President’s Pro Bono Service Award for the First Judicial Department, the 2018 Public Service Award from New York University School of Law, and Morrison Foerster’s Kathi Pugh Award for Pro Bono Services.Mr. Hunt received his B.A. with honors from Swarthmore College and his J.D. cum laude from New York University.

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Adam Hunt is a partner in the Litigation Department of Morrison Foerster’s New York office. His practice focuses on complex litigation, with an emphasis on class action and commercial litigation.

Adam Hunt

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Button cell and coin battery manufacturers and importers need to know about new requirements that come into effect next year. 

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CPSC Imposes New Requirements for Button Cell and Coin Batteries Pursuant to Reese’s Law | Class Dismissed

Matt Robinson

Cedar Hobbs

Button cell and coin battery manufacturers and importers need to know about new requirements that come into effect next year. On September 21, 2023, the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), pursuant to its authority under Reese’s Law, published two rules imposing additional requirements for button cell and coin batteries and consumer products containing button cell and coin batteries. See <a href="https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2023/09/21/2023-20334/safety-standard-for-button-cell-or-coin-batteries-and-consumer-products-containing-such-batteries" target="_blank">88 FR 65296</a>; <a href="https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2023/09/21/2023-20333/safety-standard-for-button-cell-or-coin-batteries-and-consumer-products-containing-such-batteries">88 FR 65274</a>. Reese’s Law, 15 U.S.C. § 2056e, signed into law on August 16, 2022, was passed to protect children six years old and younger from button cell and coin battery ingestion hazards.Together, Reese’s Law and the two new rules from CPSC impose a broad set of construction, performance, packaging, and labeling requirements on battery manufacturers and importers.<table dir="ltr"><tbody dir="ltr"><tr dir="ltr"><td dir="ltr">Source</td><td dir="ltr">Requirements</td><td dir="ltr">Effective Date</td></tr><tr dir="ltr"><td dir="ltr"><a href="https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2023/09/21/2023-20333/safety-standard-for-button-cell-or-coin-batteries-and-consumer-products-containing-such-batteries" dir="ltr" target="_blank">88 FR 65274</a></td><td dir="ltr">Construction Requirements<ul><li dir="ltr">Products with removable/replaceable batteries must restrict access to the battery compartment through one of the following methods:</li><ul><li dir="ltr">The compartment cannot be opened without a tool</li><li dir="ltr">The compartment cannot be opened without at least two independent and simultaneous hand movements</li></ul><li dir="ltr">Products with non-replaceable button cell or coin batteries must restrict access to the battery compartment</li></ul>Performance Requirements<ul><li dir="ltr">Products with button or coin cell batteries must pass various performance tests set forth in ANSI/UL 4200, such as a drop test, impact test, crush test, and torque test.</li></ul>Labeling Requirements<ul><li dir="ltr">Packaging for products with button cell or coin batteries must include a warning</li><li dir="ltr">Products with button cell or coin batteries must be marked with a warning</li></ul></td><td dir="ltr">Products manufactured or imported after March 19, 2024</td></tr><tr dir="ltr"><td dir="ltr"><a href="https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2023/09/21/2023-20334/safety-standard-for-button-cell-or-coin-batteries-and-consumer-products-containing-such-batteries" dir="ltr" target="_blank">88 FR 65296</a></td><td dir="ltr">Labeling RequirementsThe packaging of button cell or coin batteries, including those packaged separately with a consumer product, must comply with various warning label requirements.</td><td dir="ltr">Products manufactured or imported after September 21, 2024</td></tr><tr dir="ltr"><td dir="ltr">Section 3 of Reese’s Law</td><td dir="ltr">Packaging RequirementsButton cell or coin batteries, or consumer products containing a button cell or coin battery, must be packaged in accordance with child-resistant packaging requirements in 16 C.F.R. 1700.15.</td><td dir="ltr">Products manufactured or imported after February 12, 2023</td></tr></tbody></table>I. Safety Standards for Button Cell and Coin Batteries (Direct Final Rule)CPSC issued a direct final rule<a href="#_ftn1" target="_self">[1]</a> adopting ANSI/UL 4200A as a mandatory safety standard, which includes construction, performance, and labeling requirements. See <a href="https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2023/09/21/2023-20333/safety-standard-for-button-cell-or-coin-batteries-and-consumer-products-containing-such-batteries" target="_blank" dir="ltr">88 FR 65274</a> . The rule requires products manufactured or imported after October 23, 2023, to comply with these requirements. But CPSC announced that it will exercise its enforcement discretion by not enforcing these requirements until March 19, 2024.A. Construction RequirementsANSI/UL 4200A’s construction requirements distinguish between products with removable/replaceable button cell or coin batteries and products with non-replaceable button cell or coin batteries.Products with removable/replaceable batteries: To prevent children from accessing the battery, battery compartments in products with removable/replaceable button cell or coin batteries shall be secured by one of the following methods:<ul><li dir="ltr">The battery compartment cannot be opened without use of a tool; or</li><li dir="ltr">The battery compartment cannot be opened without at least two independent and simultaneous hand movements.</li></ul>Products with non-replaceable batteries: Products with non-replaceable button cell or coin batteries must effectively prevent removal of the battery by a child or the user through, for instance, the use of soldering or fasteners.B. Performance RequirementsANSI/UL 4200A also sets forth performance requirements to ensure products containing button cell or coin batteries “do not present a risk of unintentional access by children.” These provisions require products to pass several tests, including drop, impact, crush, and torque tests, among others.C. Labeling RequirementsANSI/UL 4200A section 7 requires that the principal display panel of packaging for consumer products containing button cell or coin batteries include a warning, such as the warning below:<div data-reactroot=""><img src="https://media2.mofo.com/v3/images/blt5775cc69c999c255/blt1df89912ca28efaa/65760b07302a1676ae469f58/231210-blog-image-1.png?format=auto&amp;quality=60" alt="blog image"/></div>Additionally, consumer products containing button cell or coin batteries must also be marked with the following warning:<div data-reactroot=""><img src="https://media2.mofo.com/v3/images/blt5775cc69c999c255/blt8ab3341bc1e2f918/6576119f67bbf56461989cad/231210-blog-image-3.png?format=auto&amp;quality=60" alt="blog image"/></div>If the above warning does not fit given the size of the product, the product must include the following warning symbol, which is internationally recognized to mean: “Warning: contains coin battery”:<div data-reactroot=""><img src="https://media2.mofo.com/v3/images/blt5775cc69c999c255/blt45de6a2014197f9a/65760b2f7631d173da80033e/231210-blog-image-3.png?format=auto&amp;quality=60" alt="blog image"/></div>II. Additional Labeling Requirements for Button Cell and Coin Batteries (Final Rule)CPSC also promulgated a final rule to establish warning label requirements for the packaging of button cell or coin batteries, including those packaged separately with a consumer product. See <a href="https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2023/09/21/2023-20334/safety-standard-for-button-cell-or-coin-batteries-and-consumer-products-containing-such-batteries" target="_blank" dir="ltr">88 FR 65296</a>. The final rule requires that the principal display panel include a warning label, such as the warning below:<div data-reactroot=""><img src="https://media2.mofo.com/v3/images/blt5775cc69c999c255/bltaf698cad8c2f5e92/65760b3f99c5124d40d983ce/231210-blog-image-4.png?format=auto&amp;quality=60" alt="blog image"/></div>Warning statements must be clearly visible, prominent, legible, and permanently marked, among other requirements.Additionally, the following statements must be placed on the principal or secondary display panels:<ol><li dir="ltr">Keep in original package until ready to use.</li><li dir="ltr">Immediately dispose of used batteries and keep away from children. Do NOT dispose of batteries in household trash.</li></ol>These requirements apply to products manufactured or imported after September 21, 2024.III. Packaging Requirements for Button Cell or Coin BatteriesSection 3 of Reese’s Law requires any button cell or coin battery, or consumer product containing a button cell or coin battery, that is sold, distributed, or imported into the U.S. to be packaged in accordance with child-resistant packaging requirements in 16 C.F.R. 1700.15. These requirements became effective February 12, 2023.IV. CertificationManufacturers of products subject to these requirements must certify compliance in a Children’s Product Certificate or a General Certificate of Compliance. Third-party testing and certification of children’s products subject to Reese’s Law are not required until December 20, 2023.V. Consult Legal CounselReese’s Law adds a number of safety-related requirements for many battery-containing consumer products. Companies should review their practices and consult with legal counsel to evaluate compliance.<a href="#_ftnref1" target="_self">[1]</a> A direct final rule is a rule issued without a preceding proposed rule and notice/comment period. Instead, the direct final rule goes into effect on a certain date, unless the rule receives substantive adverse comments prior to going into effect. In contrast, a final rule is issued following a proposed rule and notice/comment period.

CPSC Imposes New Requirements for Button Cell and Coin Batteries Pursuant to Reese’s Law